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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Sex Differences in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Lindsay F Remer1, Christina I Lee1, Omar Picado1

  • 1Division of Endocrine Surgery; DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|December 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Men with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) face more aggressive disease, including higher rates of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement, often linked to prior radiation exposure. Surgical considerations for men with PTC may need to account for these factors.

Keywords:
Aggressive featuresMenPapillary thyroid cancerSex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is more prevalent in women but presents with poorer outcomes in men.
  • This study investigates sex-based differences in PTC presentation and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical presentation and pathologic features of male and female patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer.
  • To identify factors contributing to potential sex-based disparities in PTC outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 851 PTC patients (158 male, 693 female).
  • Comparison of clinical, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration (FNA), surgical, and histopathologic data between sexes.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square and t-tests.

Main Results:

  • Men showed significantly higher rates of prior radiation exposure (8% vs. 2%).
  • Men exhibited more aggressive pathology, including higher rates of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (47% vs. 34%) and lymph node (LN) positivity (36% vs. 27%).
  • Surgical procedures like thyroid lobectomy with isthmusectomy were more common in men (24% vs. 13%).

Conclusions:

  • Male PTC patients present with more aggressive disease, evidenced by higher LVI and LN involvement, potentially linked to radiation exposure.
  • Enhanced consideration for total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection is recommended for men with PTC during counseling.