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Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis
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Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

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Sustained inflammation, coagulation activation and elevated endothelin-1 levels without macrovascular dysfunction at

L H Willems1, M Nagy2, H Ten Cate3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Thrombosis Research
|December 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Three months after COVID-19, macrovascular function was normal, but endothelial cells showed persistent inflammation and coagulation activation. Further research is needed on SARS-CoV-2 vascular effects.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • COVID-19 can cause endothelial damage and thrombosis, potentially impacting long-term cardiovascular health.
  • Limited data exists on the persistent effects of COVID-19 on vascular function beyond the acute phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, and inflammation three months after COVID-19 infection.
  • To assess long-term cardiovascular implications in patients recovering from COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 203 COVID-19 patients and 312 historical controls.
  • Macrovascular dysfunction assessed via carotid artery diameter response to cold stimulus.
  • Plasma endothelin-1, coagulation enzyme:inhibitor complexes, and inflammatory cytokines were measured.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in macrovascular dysfunction prevalence between COVID-19 survivors and controls.
  • Significantly elevated endothelin-1 levels persisted three months post-COVID-19.
  • Elevated markers of coagulation (thrombin:antithrombin, FVIIa:AT, Von Willebrand Factor) and inflammation (IL-18, IL-6, IL-1ra) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • While macrovascular function may recover, sustained endothelial cell involvement, coagulation activity, and inflammation are evident three months post-COVID-19.
  • These findings underscore the need for further research into SARS-CoV-2-related vascular inflammation and thrombosis.
  • Longer follow-up studies are crucial for understanding the long-term vascular consequences of COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
Blood coagulationCOVID-19Endothelial cellsInflammationSARS-CoV-2

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