Regulated cell death: discovery, features and implications for neurodegenerative diseases

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Pathology

Background:

• Regulated cell death (RCD) is vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to stress.
• Various RCD forms are implicated in human diseases, necessitating a deeper understanding of their mechanisms.
• Five key RCD types are discussed: apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated classification of regulated cell death processes.
• To review the distinct features and underlying mechanisms of major RCD types.
• To highlight the critical role of RCD in neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of established and emerging RCD pathways.
• Analysis of cross-talks and interactions between different cell death modes.
• Focus on mechanistic insights into RCD, particularly in neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of five prominent RCD forms: apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.
• Evidence of extensive cross-talk and interplay between various RCD pathways.
• Identification of key molecular mechanisms driving RCD in the context of neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusions:

• Regulated cell death is a complex and multifaceted biological process with significant implications for health and disease.
• Understanding the diverse RCD pathways and their interactions is crucial for therapeutic interventions.
• RCD mechanisms are central to the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential therapeutic targets.