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Conformationally tunable calix[4]pyrrole-based nanofilms for efficient molecular separation.

Xiangquan Liu1, Jiaqi Tang1, Jinglun Yang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|December 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New calix[4]pyrrole (C[4]P)-based nanofilms offer excellent molecular sieving for nanofiltration. These robust, defect-free films achieve high rejection rates for organic compounds and pharmaceuticals in water and methanol.

Keywords:
Calix [4] pyrroleConformational tunabilityDynamic condensationMolecular separationNanofilms

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Developing defect-free nanofilms for selective separation of low molecular weight organic compounds in nanofiltration is challenging.
  • Existing methods struggle to balance high permeance with precise molecular weight cutoffs.
  • Macrocyclic hosts offer potential for advanced membrane design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a new class of self-standing, centimeter-sized calix[4]pyrrole (C[4]P)-based nanofilms.
  • To demonstrate their excellent molecular sieving performance in nanofiltration.
  • To explore their application in separating various organic compounds and pharmaceuticals.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of C[4]P-based nanofilms via confined dynamic condensation of tetra-benzoyl-hydrazine derivative of C[4]P (CPTBH) with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BTC) at the air/DMSO interface.
  • Utilizing porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a support.
  • Testing nanofiltration performance using a CsF treated CPTBH-BTC nanofilm (∼100 nm) as the selective layer under 2 bar pressure.

Main Results:

  • Achieved water permeance of 15 L m⁻²h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and methanol permeance of 45 L m⁻²h⁻¹ bar⁻¹.
  • Demonstrated high rejection rates (>95%) for tested dyes and pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions.
  • Showcased good separation of amino acids and organic dyes (MW ∼200 g/mol) in aqueous phase and high-performance nanofiltration in methanol (MWCO ∼800 g/mol).

Conclusions:

  • Introduction of macrocyclic hosts like C[4]P is an effective strategy for developing advanced nanofilms.
  • The developed C[4]P-based nanofilms exhibit high solvent permeance and low molecular weight cutoff values.
  • These findings pave the way for robust and efficient nanofiltration applications.