Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Independent and Dependent Sources01:18

Independent and Dependent Sources

1.8K
In electrical circuits, sources play a crucial role in providing power for the operation of the circuit. These sources can be broadly categorized into two types: independent and dependent.
Independent voltage or current sources supply a fixed amount of voltage or current, respectively, which is unaffected by other elements within the circuit. These are represented using specific symbols. Independent voltage sources are symbolized with polarities (+ and -), indicating the direction of the...
1.8K
Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

318
Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
318
Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

214
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
214
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

3.5K
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an...
3.5K
Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

6.4K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
6.4K
Source Transformation01:15

Source Transformation

10.4K
Source transformation is a fundamental technique employed in circuit analysis, offering a valuable tool for simplifying complex electrical circuits. This technique involves the replacement of either a voltage source in series with a resistor by a current source in parallel with a resistor, or vice versa. The key concept here is that when the original sources are deactivated (turned off), the equivalent resistance at the circuit's end terminals remains the same.
It is essential to note that when...
10.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SPP1 in Immunosuppressive Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis.

Cell biochemistry and biophysics·2026
Same author

Impact of Graft Size Matching on Graft Survival in Pediatric Whole Liver Transplantations in Recipients With Biliary Atresia Weighing Less Than 10 kg.

Transplantation proceedings·2026
Same author

An operational decision tree strategy optimizing the pairing of receptor model and classification approach in source apportionment of microplastics: Leveraging target source type and complexity.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Bioinformatics analysis of DLGAP5 as a biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma: implications for immune infiltration and targeted therapy.

Discover oncology·2025
Same author

[Occurrence Characteristics， Ecological Risks， and Main Sources of Antibiotics in Rivers in Tongzhou District， Beijing].

Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue·2025
Same author

Probabilistic ecological risk characterizing and source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics in rivers in the sub-center of Beijing, China.

Journal of environmental sciences (China)·2025
Same journal

Co-contamination of hybrid microplastics and PFOA/GenX alters rhizosphere bacterial-fungal communities and root performance of Eichhornia crassipes.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same journal

Associations between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and maternal fatty acid homeostasis: Nonmonotonic, compartment-specific patterns in plasma and red blood cells.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same journal

PLA vs PE microplastics with cadmium: Time-dependent divergent and microbial disruption of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in medicinal plant soils.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same journal

A photoinitiated catalytic self-degrading composite material for efficient and stable Cu(II) directional adsorption was constructed based on the bridging synergy strategy.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same journal

Can heavy metal accumulation in crops be mitigated by microbial inoculants? A meta-analysis and machine learning.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same journal

Coupling electron snorkels with biogenic FeS<sub>x</sub>-associated interfacial structures enhances anaerobic petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
08:18

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

16.9K

A four-way model (FEST) for source apportionment: Development, verification, and application.

Cong Men1, Ruimin Liu1, Yifan Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|December 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new four-way source apportionment model (FEST) accurately identifies heavy metal sources and their variations in particle size, location, and time. This model offers higher accuracy for environmental management strategies.

Keywords:
Four-way source apportionment model (FEST)Particle size fractionPositive matrix factorization model (PMF)Road dustSpatial and temporal variation

More Related Videos

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS
14:58

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

Published on: February 17, 2018

10.9K
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
12:44

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
08:18

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

16.9K
Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS
14:58

Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS

Published on: February 17, 2018

10.9K
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
12:44

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate source apportionment of heavy metals is crucial for understanding environmental pollution.
  • Existing two-way and three-way models face limitations when analyzing complex four-way data (particle fractions, elements, sites, time).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel four-way source apportionment model (FEST) for analyzing heavy metal sources.
  • To evaluate the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations of heavy metal sources in Beijing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Four-way Environmental Source Apportionment Tool (FEST) model.
  • Application of the FEST model to Beijing's sampled data, considering particle fractions, elements, sites, and time.
  • Comparison of FEST model accuracy against existing two-way and three-way models.

Main Results:

  • The FEST model demonstrated higher accuracy compared to existing models due to increased constraints and input data.
  • Identified main heavy metal sources in Beijing, with differing contributions to specific metals compared to previous studies.
  • Traffic exhaust and fuel combustion were identified as major contributors to fine particles.

Conclusions:

  • The FEST model provides a more accurate approach for heavy metal source apportionment with complex datasets.
  • Targeted control strategies for traffic exhaust (central/northern areas, year-round) and fuel combustion (southern area, winter) are recommended.