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Quantum information approach to high energy interactions.

Dmitri E Kharzeev1,2

  • 1Center for Nuclear Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, New York 11794-3800 NY, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
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Quantum entanglement in hadron interactions is revealed by tracing unobservable phases in light-cone wave functions, leading to entanglement entropy related to parton distributions. This challenges the standard probabilistic parton model.

Keywords:
QCDentanglementparton model

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Area of Science:

  • High energy physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • High energy hadron interactions are typically modeled using probabilistic parton models.
  • These models often neglect quantum entanglement inherent in light-cone wave functions.
  • Understanding hadron structure requires accounting for quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of quantum entanglement in high energy hadron interactions.
  • To demonstrate how unobservable phases in wave functions lead to entanglement entropy.
  • To connect entanglement entropy to parton structure functions and QCD evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Tracing the light-cone density matrix over unobservable phases using a Haar integration measure.
  • Analyzing the emergence of entanglement entropy from this trace ('Haar scrambling').
  • Relating entanglement entropy to Fock state probability distributions and parton structure functions.

Main Results:

  • The trace over unobservable phases results in 'Haar scrambling' of the density matrix.
  • Entanglement entropy emerges and is directly determined by the Fock state probability distribution.
  • At large rapidity, hadron states become maximally entangled with entropy scaling as predicted by QCD.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum entanglement is a crucial, previously overlooked, feature of high energy hadron interactions.
  • The probabilistic parton model breaks down when Fock state phases are controlled, as in spin asymmetry measurements.
  • Entanglement entropy provides a new perspective on hadron structure and high energy physics.