Anti-Müllerian hormone: A function beyond the Müllerian structures

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Developmental Biology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein hormone from the TGF-beta superfamily.
• Initially identified for its role in male embryonic development, AMH induces Müllerian duct regression.
• AMH signaling involves two transmembrane receptors, triggering morphological changes and duct degeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diverse roles of AMH beyond its established function in embryonic development.
• To explore newly identified pathways and tissues where AMH plays a significant role.
• To summarize current understanding of AMH production mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications on AMH.
• Analysis of studies investigating AMH signaling pathways.
• Synthesis of data on AMH expression in various tissues and life stages.

Main Results:

• AMH is confirmed to be essential for regression of Müllerian structures in male embryos.
• Emerging evidence highlights AMH's involvement in non-genital tract tissues.
• AMH synthesis mechanisms have been elucidated, with persistent expression in some adult tissues.

Conclusions:

• AMH plays a multifaceted role in human physiology, extending beyond embryonic development.
• Further research into AMH's functions in adult tissues is warranted.
• Understanding AMH pathways is key to comprehending various biological processes.