Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 9, 2025
Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
Published on: January 21, 2020
Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care
Dawit T Zemedikun1, Joht Singh Chandan2, Devan Raindi3
1Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK.
Insights
Periodontal diseases are linked to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, autoimmune diseases, and mental ill health. This common condition poses a significant public health challenge due to these associations.
Area of Science:
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease Epidemiology
- Public Health and Chronic Disease Research
Background:
- Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are prevalent globally.
- Emerging evidence suggests potential links between oral health and various systemic conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between periodontal diseases and the incidence of major chronic diseases.
- To quantify the risk of developing cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, autoimmune diseases, and mental ill health in individuals with periodontal disease.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study design was employed using IQVIA Medical Research Data-UK (1995-2019).
- 64,379 patients with periodontal disease were matched with 251,161 controls.
- Logistic and Cox regression models were used to analyze baseline disease prevalence and incidence risk.
Main Results:
- Patients with periodontal disease showed increased odds of baseline cardiovascular disease (aOR 1.43), cardiometabolic disease (aOR 1.16), autoimmune disease (aOR 1.33), and mental ill health (aOR 1.79).
- During follow-up, periodontal disease was associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18), cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.07), autoimmune disease (HR 1.33), and mental ill health (HR 1.37).
Conclusions:
- Periodontal diseases are significantly associated with an elevated risk of developing multiple chronic diseases.
- Given the high prevalence of periodontal disease, these findings highlight a substantial public health burden and underscore the importance of oral health management.
Objectives:
To identify the association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, autoimmune disease and mental ill health.
Design:
Retrospective cohort.
Setting:
IQVIA Medical Research Data-UK between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019.
Participants:
64 379 adult patients with a general practitioner recorded diagnosis of periodontal disease (exposed patients) were matched to 251 161 unexposed patients by age, sex, deprivation and registration date.
Main Outcome Measures:
Logistic regression models accounting for covariates of clinical importance were undertaken to estimate the adjusted OR (aOR) of having chronic diseases at baseline in the exposed compared with the unexposed group. Incidence rates for each outcome of interest were then provided followed by the calculation of adjusted HRs using cox regression modelling to describe the risk of outcome development in each group.
Results:
The average age at cohort entry was 45 years and the median follow-up was 3.4 years. At study entry, the exposed cohort had an increased likelihood of having a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.48), cardiometabolic disease (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.19), autoimmune disease (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.37) and mental ill health (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.75 to 1.83) compared with the unexposed group. During the follow-up of individuals without pre-existing outcomes of interest, the exposed group had an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23), cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10), autoimmune disease (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.40) and mental ill health (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.42) compared with the unexposed group.
Conclusions:
In this cohort, periodontal diseases appeared to be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, autoimmune diseases and mental ill health. Periodontal diseases are very common; therefore, an increased risk of other chronic diseases represent a substantial public health burden.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
01:15Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Smoking Cessation