Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
Published on: April 7, 2020
Circadian Clock Gene Polymorphisms and Sleep-Onset Problems in a Population-Based Cohort Study: The Yamagata Study
Kaori Sakurada1, Tsuneo Konta2, Sanae Takahashi3
1Department of Fundamental Nursing, Yamagata University Graduate School of Nursing.
Abstract:
A number of genome-wide association studies have investigated sleep phenotypes and disorders in humans. However, the contribution of genetic variation to sleep problems in Japanese populations has remained unclear. Sleep-onset problems are the most common symptom of insomnia. Here, we examined the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BMAL1 (ARNTL1), CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, and PER2, which are genes involved in the clock mechanism, and sleep-onset problems in a Japanese general population. This study included 1,397 subjects aged ≥ 40 years who participated in an annual health check-up in Yamagata Prefecture. A total of 80 SNPs of 5 circadian clock genes were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified variant rs11113179 in CRY1 and variants rs1026071 and rs1562438 in BMAL1 as genetic risk factors for sleep induction disorder. These findings suggest that CRY1 and BMAL1 polymorphisms are related to sleep-onset problems in a Japanese general population. However, none of the SNPs remained significant at a stringent level of multiple correction.
Related Concept Videos
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
Sleep-Wake Cycles
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Management of Insomnia

