Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

5.1K

Interactions amongst inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems: suggestive approaches

Lilian Caroline Gonçalves Oliveira1, Nayara Azinheira Nobrega Cruz1, Bruna Ricelli1

  • 1Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
|December 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This review explores the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, can disrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems.
  • This imbalance contributes to severe outcomes in infected patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and interactions of the RAAS and KKS.
  • To discuss SARS-CoV-2 interactions, inflammation, and system imbalance.
  • To correlate RAAS blocker use with COVID-19 severity and explore potential therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of published research on RAAS and KKS.
  • Analysis of viral-cell interactions and inflammatory responses.
  • Correlation of RAAS blocker therapy with COVID-19 pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • The RAAS and KKS play critical roles in physiological processes and disease.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers significant imbalance in these systems.
  • RAAS blockers' effects on COVID-19 virulence and treatment are explored.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RAAS and KKS interactions is crucial for COVID-19 management.
  • Targeting these systems offers potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
  • Further research into RAAS and KKS modulation is warranted for coronavirus disease treatment.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusInflammationKallikrein-kinin systemRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemSARS-associated coronavirus

More Related Videos

Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells09:29

Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells

Published on: March 5, 2019

5.8K
Visualizing Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice: Techniques and Pitfalls10:16

Visualizing Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice: Techniques and Pitfalls

Published on: January 4, 2018

8.8K

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
888
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
556
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
1.0K
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
34.0K
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
140
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
1.1K