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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

Published on: November 3, 2018

Why Single-Cell Sequencing Has Promise in MDS.

Xuan Zhang¹, H Leighton Grimes^1,2,3

¹Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Oncology

|December 20, 2021

Summary

Single-cell sequencing reveals how aging and mutations disrupt blood stem cell development in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This technology helps understand why mature blood cells fail to develop properly in MDS patients.

Keywords:

hematopoiesis myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)myeloid malignancies single cell multi-omics profiling single-cell sequencing (SCS)

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

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Published on: November 3, 2018

Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

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Published on: October 3, 2018

Author Spotlight: Analyzing Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Murine Hematological Malignancies

Author Spotlight: Analyzing Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Murine Hematological Malignancies

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Hematology
Genomics
Cell Biology

Background:

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are linked to aging and somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
Current understanding of MDS pathogenesis is limited regarding HSPC dysfunction and mature cell output failure.
Advances in DNA sequencing have identified clonal selection in MDS but not the specific cellular stages affected.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of single-cell sequencing in understanding normal hematopoiesis and MDS.
To elucidate the role of transitional cell states in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
To discuss how single-cell resolution can fill knowledge gaps in MDS biology.

Main Methods:

Review of emerging studies utilizing single-cell sequencing techniques.
Analysis of research on normal hematopoiesis at single-cell resolution.
Examination of studies investigating clonal heterogeneity in myeloid malignancies using single-cell data.

Main Results:

Single-cell sequencing identifies transitional cell states in normal hematopoiesis, revealing differentiation and lineage commitment mechanisms.
These techniques are increasingly adapted to study myeloid malignancies, offering insights into disease pathogenesis.
Emerging studies provide a progressive description of MDS pathogenesis at single-cell resolution.

Conclusions:

Single-cell sequencing holds significant potential for advancing MDS research.
Further application of these techniques is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of hematopoiesis in physiological conditions and MDS.
Elucidating MDS biology at single-cell resolution may reveal novel therapeutic targets and improve patient outcomes.