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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration01:18

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Coulometric titrations are a form of titrimetric analysis where the reagent is generated electrically, and its amount is evaluated based on current and generating time. The electron serves as the standard reagent. The procedure is similar to conventional titrations, such as endpoint detection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium
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Highly Sensitive Whole-Cell Biosensor for Cadmium Detection Based on a Negative Feedback Circuit.

Guangbao Zhang1, Shuting Hu1, Xiaoqiang Jia1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new whole-cell biosensor (WCB) using a negative feedback amplifier significantly improves cadmium detection. This biosensor offers enhanced sensitivity, a lower detection limit, and high specificity for cadmium, making it ideal for water quality monitoring.

Keywords:
cadmium detectionnegative feedback amplifiersensitivityspecificitywhole-cell biosensor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Biosensor Technology

Background:

  • Whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) are crucial for detecting environmental contaminants like cadmium (Cd2+).
  • Existing WCBs often suffer from insufficient sensitivity and specificity, limiting their practical application.
  • Improving WCB performance is essential for accurate and reliable environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly sensitive and specific whole-cell biosensor for Cd2+ detection.
  • To engineer a Cd2+ WCB incorporating a genetic negative feedback amplifier.
  • To evaluate the performance enhancements offered by the negative feedback circuit.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a P. putida KT2440-based WCB with an integrated negative feedback amplifier.
  • Utilizing the reporter mCherry to quantify the output signal.
  • Assessing sensitivity, detection limit, Cd2+ tolerance, response time, and specificity against other metal ions.

Main Results:

  • The WCB with a negative feedback amplifier demonstrated a 33% increase in sensitivity compared to WCBs without the circuit.
  • Achieved a significantly lower detection limit of 0.1 nM for Cd2+, a 400-fold improvement.
  • Exhibited high specificity for Cd2+, with signals for other metals being 17.6 to 41.4 times weaker.

Conclusions:

  • The developed negative feedback amplifier WCB meets stringent requirements for sensitive and specific Cd2+ detection.
  • Genetic negative feedback amplifiers are effective tools for enhancing WCB performance.
  • This improved WCB offers a reliable and rapid method for monitoring cadmium in water quality.