The Temporal Pattern of Arterial Stiffness during Aging: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a noninvasive clinical test that provides quantification for the stiffness of both the aorta and peripheral arteries by measuring the brachial and tibial arterial wave velocities. The temporal pattern of baPWV values during aging was investigated in this paper. A gradual increase in baPWV with respect to age was observed, suggesting an increase in the stiffness of arterial vessels as age increases. The ΔbaPWV value, defined as the absolute value of the difference between bilateral baPWV, also showed a positive correlation with aging. Many underlying physiological conditions such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperglycemia have previously been shown to elevate baPWV and contribute to the decline of arterial function. The effect of factors including biological sex, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels on the baPWV temporal pattern were also investigated. Between the ages of 18 and 50, men in the study had significantly higher baPWV readings than females of comparable age on average. However, after the age of 50, mean baPWV values increased at a greater rate in females than in males. In addition, blood pressure and blood glucose were shown to be associated with baPWV values. The results will improve existing prediction models for future cardiovascular episodes induced by arterial hardening in different age groups.