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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
Published on: September 27, 2015
External validity in translational biomedicine: understanding the conditions enabling the cause to have an effect
Ulrich Dirnagl1,2, Alexandra Bannach-Brown2, Sarah McCann2
1Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
A spectre is haunting biomedical research: It appears that a substantial fraction of published research results cannot be reproduced, while spectacularly successful novel treatments developed in experimental models of disease too often fail in clinical trials. A reproducibility crisis has been proclaimed, and bench-to-bedside translation appears to be lost in a "valley of death". Both predicaments, non-reproducibility and translational roadblocks, are connected: Why should we expect to successfully "trans-late" results to humans, if already "cis-lation"-that is, the generalization from one experimental setting to an identical or fairly similar one-often fails?
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