Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Area of Science:

• Paleogenomics
• Archaeogenetics
• Molecular Anthropology

Background:

• Ancient DNA (aDNA) recovery from archaeological human remains is crucial for population genetics.
• Previous research identified specific skeletal elements with higher aDNA preservation potential.
• Minimizing sample material is essential due to the limited nature of archaeological finds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present and validate methods for maximizing ancient human DNA recovery from archaeological remains.
• To target anatomical sampling locations known to yield higher quantities of aDNA.
• To minimize the destruction of valuable archaeological specimens during DNA extraction.

Main Methods:

• Targeted sampling of specific anatomical locations on skeletal remains.
• Comparative analysis of DNA yields across different skeletal elements.
• Utilizing protocols previously suggested to maximize ancient DNA recovery.

Main Results:

• Eight specific sampling spots across five skeletal elements (pars petrosa, molars, vertebra, phalanx, talus) were identified.
• These locations yielded significantly higher quantities of high-quality ancient human DNA compared to the average.
• DNA yields were sufficient for standard population genetic analyses.

Conclusions:

• The study confirms the efficacy of targeted anatomical sampling for maximizing ancient human DNA recovery.
• Preferential use of these identified skeletal locations is recommended for future aDNA studies.
• These methods conserve precious archaeological specimens while enhancing genetic research outcomes.