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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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A simple and convenient 3D printed temporal bone model for drilling simulating surgery.

Zhi-Ming Yuan1, Xiao-Dong Zhang2, Shou-Wu Wu2

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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A new, low-cost 3D printed temporal bone model offers a realistic and effective training tool for beginner otologists. This accessible 3D model simplifies surgical simulation and anatomical learning.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Anatomical Modeling

Background:

  • Traditional temporal bone dissection is complex and requires specialized training.
  • Existing 3D modeling techniques can be intricate and costly.
  • Accessible training models are needed for novice otologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a precise, simple, and economical 3D printed temporal bone model.
  • To evaluate the model's suitability for otology training using a commercial desktop 3D printer.
  • To assess the model's potential for widespread application in surgical education.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) data of the temporal bone was used to create a digital 3D model.
  • A 1:1 scale, high-precision temporal bone model was printed using a commercial desktop 3D printer.
Keywords:
3D printingTemporal boneeducationsurgerytraining

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  • Five senior attending physicians evaluated the model's accuracy, surgical simulation fidelity, and educational value.

    • Main Results:

    • A lifelike 3D temporal bone model was successfully produced with a material cost of only $3.
    • Physicians rated the model as accurate, simple, convenient, and effective, with realistic physical properties and haptic feedback.
    • The model demonstrated high value for teaching temporal bone anatomy and surgical simulation.

    Conclusions:

    • High-precision 3D printed temporal bone models closely mimic natural anatomy.
    • These models provide a convenient and effective training method for beginner otologists in surgical simulation.
    • The simple and economical production allows for large-scale popularization in otologic education.