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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Switching task sets creates event boundaries in memory.

Yuxi Candice Wang1, Tobias Egner1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America.

Cognition
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Internal cognitive control processes, specifically task set updating, can trigger event segmentation, creating memory event boundaries. This occurs independently of external stimulation changes, impacting how we remember temporal order and distance.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlDistance memoryEvent boundariesSequence memoryTask switching

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Human memory naturally segments continuous experiences into discrete events.
  • Event segmentation enhances memory for temporal order and subjective time perception.
  • Prior research linked event boundaries to external stimulation changes, often confounded with task goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if endogenous cognitive control processes, like task set switching, can trigger event segmentation independently of external stimulation.
  • To determine the role of internal control in segmenting episodic memories.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments embedded task set changes during the encoding of unique images.
  • Compared memory for item pairs encoded across task set changes versus within the same task set.
  • Controlled for potential confounds such as stimulus set, response set, task cues, and difficulty.

Main Results:

  • Both cued and voluntary task set changes were sufficient to create event boundaries.
  • Task set updating triggered event segmentation independently of external prediction errors.
  • Memory for temporal order and distance was affected by event boundaries formed via task set changes.

Conclusions:

  • Internal cognitive control processes, particularly task set updating, are key determinants of episodic memory segmentation.
  • Event segmentation can be initiated by endogenous factors, not solely by external stimuli.
  • Findings highlight the active role of the brain in structuring subjective experience and memory.