Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.4K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.4K
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

48.1K
Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
48.1K
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

54.2K
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
54.2K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

242
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
242
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

177
Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
177
The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

35.5K
The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
35.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ONTOGENY AND PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
Same author

AMNIOTE PHYLOGENY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FOSSILS.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
Same author

METACLADISTICS.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
Same author

ON THE SPECIAL TREATMENT OF FOSSILS AND TAXONOMIC BURDEN: A RESPONSE TO LOCONTE.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
Same author

A/The Brief History of Three-Taxon Analysis.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
Same author

SKEWNESS AND PERMUTATION.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

16.1K

CLADISTICS: WHAT'S IN A WORD?

Arnold G Kluge1, Alan J Wolf1

  • 1Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A.

Cladistics : the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cladistics is evolving with new data and methods, but consensus methods like taxonomic congruence are criticized. The total evidence approach is preferred, and resampling techniques like bootstrapping are questioned for phylogenetic inference.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Systematics
  • Phylogenetic inference

Background:

  • Cladistics has advanced with new data and methods, increasing the relevance of cladograms for historical inquiries.
  • Review of consensus hypotheses in phylogenetic inference highlights criticisms and justifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review criticisms and justifications of consensus hypotheses in phylogenetic inference.
  • To evaluate the merits of taxonomic congruence versus the total evidence approach.
  • To question the validity of suboptimal cladograms and character mapping protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing literature on cladistics and phylogenetic inference.
  • Analysis of consensus methods, including taxonomic congruence and total evidence approach.

More Related Videos

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
07:49

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group

Published on: August 16, 2017

7.2K
An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

16.1K
Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
07:49

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group

Published on: August 16, 2017

7.2K
An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.6K
  • Evaluation of resampling techniques like bootstrap and jackknife.

    • Main Results:

    • Strong arguments against taxonomic congruence as a consensus-building method.
    • The total evidence approach is presented as a less burdened alternative.
    • Concerns raised regarding the preference for suboptimal cladograms and specific character mapping protocols.
    • Bootstrap and jackknife resampling techniques are questioned due to violated assumptions and sensitivity to character frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • Current redefinitions of cladistics may contradict foundational principles that established its prominence.
    • The total evidence approach and critical evaluation of methods are crucial for robust phylogenetic inference.