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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

Decision Making: P-value Method

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...

Ethical Dilemmas II

Ethical Dilemmas II

Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...

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Recommendations to drive a value-based decision-making on vaccination.

Chiara de Waure¹, Giovanna Elisa Calabrò^2,3, Walter Ricciardi²

¹Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Expert Review of Vaccines

|December 21, 2021

Summary

Recognizing the full value of vaccination is essential for sustainable health systems. Value-based decision-making requires intersectoral research and stakeholder involvement to improve vaccination uptake.

Keywords:

Vaccination policies vaccines value value-based healthcare

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Area of Science:

Health Economics
Public Health Policy
Vaccinology

Background:

Global health systems face challenges balancing sustainability and quality.
Rapid advancements in health technologies necessitate evidence-based resource allocation for quality improvement.
A value-based approach is crucial for maximizing the benefits of health technologies, particularly in vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

To present evidence on the comprehensive value of vaccination.
To inform value-based decision-making in vaccination programs.
To provide recommendations for research, policy, and public engagement.

Main Methods:

Review of evidence on personal, technical, allocative, and societal value of vaccines published in the last decade.
Framework application from the European Commission's Expert Panel on Effective Ways of Investing in Health.
Consultation with international experts in the field.

Main Results:

Evidence supports the multifaceted value of vaccines across personal, technical, allocative, and societal dimensions.
A value-based framework can guide resource allocation and improve vaccination strategies.
Recommendations were formulated for research, decision-making, and public engagement.

Conclusions:

Developing vaccination programs that acknowledge the full value of vaccines is critical.
Intersectoral and multidisciplinary research initiatives are necessary for successful implementation.
Engaging all relevant stakeholders is essential for achieving optimal vaccination uptake and program sustainability.