[Development of speech disorders in children]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric developmental psychology and speech-language pathology.

Background:

• Speech skill development is vital for a child's communication and learning.
• Early identification and intervention for speech disorders are essential.
• Speech disorders can co-occur with dyslexia and dysgraphia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To emphasize the importance of routine pediatric diagnosis for speech disorders.
• To discuss the classification and prognosis of various speech developmental disorders.
• To highlight the potential of speech therapy programs, including combined therapies.

Main Methods:

• Review of ICD-10 classification for speech developmental disorders.
• Analysis of the effectiveness of speech therapy interventions for different disorder types.
• Consideration of integrated therapeutic approaches, including neuropeptides.

Main Results:

• Articulation disorders, stuttering, and expressive speech impairments have a favorable prognosis.
• Receptive (impressive) language disorders show ambiguous outcomes due to potential comorbidities.
• Comorbidities include neurogenetic diseases and autism spectrum disorder.

Conclusions:

• Routine early pediatric diagnosis is recommended for timely speech disorder correction.
• Speech therapy programs can improve access to treatment for affected children.
• Complex therapy, potentially involving neuropeptides like cortexin, may enhance outcomes.