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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Rapid Atomic Ordering Transformation toward Intermetallic Nanoparticles.

Mingjin Cui1, Chunpeng Yang1, Sooyeon Hwang2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.

Nano Letters
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles are synthesized rapidly using Joule heating, overcoming agglomeration issues. This new method yields highly dispersed palladium-lead (Pd₃Pb) nanoparticles with excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions.

Keywords:
atomic orderingintermetallicnanoparticle synthesisoxygen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Chemically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles show promise for electrocatalysis.
  • Traditional synthesis requires long annealing, leading to nanoparticle agglomeration and reduced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid synthesis method for ordered intermetallic nanoparticles.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of Joule heating for creating well-dispersed intermetallic nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Rapid Joule heating for nanoparticle synthesis.
  • Synthesis of ordered palladium-lead (Pd₃Pb) intermetallic nanoparticles (∼6 nm).
  • Computational analysis to understand the atomic ordering mechanism (vacancy-mediated diffusion).

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly ordered and well-dispersed Pd₃Pb nanoparticles via rapid Joule heating.
  • Demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • Maintained >95% current density over 10 hours with minimal structural changes.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid Joule heating is an effective strategy for synthesizing ordered intermetallic nanoparticles.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of traditional methods, preventing agglomeration.
  • The synthesized Pd₃Pb nanoparticles offer a new avenue for catalyst discovery and energy applications.