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Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and nutrition in preterm newborns: meta-analysis

Michelle de Santana Xavier Ramos1,2, Camilla da Cruz Martins1, Elivan Silva Souza3

  • 1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Departamento de Saúde. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.

Revista De Saude Publica
|December 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy significantly reduced the time for very low birth weight preterm newborns to achieve full enteral nutrition. This intervention offers a promising approach for improving feeding outcomes in vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB) often face challenges in achieving full enteral nutrition.
  • Early initiation of nutrition is crucial for growth and development in preterm infants.
  • Oropharyngeal colostrum administration is being explored as a method to enhance feeding tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in shortening the time to full enteral nutrition for VLBW-PTNB.
  • To compare feeding outcomes between VLBW-PTNB receiving oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and those receiving placebo or routine care.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases and gray literature.
  • Randomized clinical trials were included without date or language restrictions.
  • A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on data from 764 VLBW-PTNB across five selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis of five studies involving 708 VLBW-PTNB indicated a mean difference of -4.26 days to achieve full enteral nutrition.
  • Three studies reported shorter feeding times in the immunotherapy group.
  • High heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%) was observed among the studies.

Conclusions:

  • Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy demonstrates potential in reducing the time for VLBW-PTNB to reach full enteral nutrition.
  • This therapeutic approach may offer benefits over placebo or standard care in improving feeding progression for preterm infants.
  • Further research may be warranted to explore optimal protocols and long-term outcomes.
Abstract

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