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Sympathetic preganglionic neurons in frog spinal cord.

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System

|January 1, 1987

Summary

Researchers identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons in frogs using a novel tracing method. These neurons form distinct columns in the spinal cord, with most axons exiting via the third spinal nerve.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Comparative Anatomy
Autonomic Nervous System Research

Background:

The sympathetic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions.
Understanding the organization of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is crucial for autonomic nervous system research.
Previous studies have primarily focused on mammalian sympathetic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize sympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating the first sympathetic ganglion in the frog, Rana pipiens.
To map the location and distribution of these neurons within the frog's spinal cord.
To determine the spinal nerve exit points of preganglionic sympathetic axons.

Main Methods:

Wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was stereotactically implanted into the first sympathetic ganglion.
Labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons were identified and counted in the spinal cord gray matter.
Spinal nerves were transected to trace the exit points of preganglionic axons.

Main Results:

A population of 324 +/- 62 labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons was identified ipsilaterally in the lateral spinal gray.
These neurons formed two distinct rostrocaudally oriented columns: the intermediolateral column and the intercalated nucleus.
Approximately 65% of preganglionic axons exited the spinal cord via the third spinal nerve, with the remainder exiting through the first and second spinal nerves.

Conclusions:

The frog spinal cord contains distinct columns of sympathetic preganglionic neurons analogous to those found in mammals.
The majority of sympathetic preganglionic axons innervating the first sympathetic ganglion exit via the third spinal nerve.
This study provides a detailed neuroanatomical map of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in a non-mammalian vertebrate.

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