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Hormesis and embryonic stem cells.

Edward J Calabrese1

  • 1School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.

Chemico-Biological Interactions
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit hormetic dose responses, a beneficial low-dose effect, to various substances and stressors. This fundamental response is conserved across multiple stem cell types, suggesting an evolutionary advantage.

Keywords:
Cell differentiationCell proliferationEmbryonic stem cellsEvolutionHormesisStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hormesis describes a biphasic dose-response where low doses stimulate and high doses inhibit biological processes.
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are crucial for development and regenerative medicine, making their response to external agents significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and assess hormetic dose responses in ESCs.
  • To explore the mechanistic basis and therapeutic potential of hormesis in ESCs.
  • To determine the generality of hormetic responses across different stem cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on ESCs and hormetic dose responses.
  • Analysis of data from studies involving various chemical and physical stressors on ESCs.
  • Comparative analysis of ESC hormetic responses with other stem cell types.

Main Results:

  • Hormetic dose responses are commonly observed in ESCs when exposed to a wide array of agents, including pharmaceuticals, supplements, endogenous compounds, and physical stressors.
  • These responses involve key cellular processes like proliferation and differentiation.
  • Similar hormetic patterns were found in various other stem cell types (e.g., adipose-derived, bone marrow, neural stem cells).

Conclusions:

  • Hormetic dose responses are a widespread phenomenon in ESCs and other stem cells.
  • The conserved nature of hormesis in stem cells suggests it is a fundamental evolutionary strategy.
  • Understanding hormesis in stem cells may unlock new therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.