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Diagnostic techniques for COVID-19: A mini-review.

Xianyong Wu1, Qiming Chen1, Junhai Li2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.

Journal of Virological Methods
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Early detection of COVID-19 is crucial. This review covers diagnostic assays like nucleic acid tests, immunological methods, and CT imaging for accurate COVID-19 diagnosis and pandemic control.

Keywords:
COVID-19CT imagingImmunological methodsNucleic acid testingSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19, a novel respiratory illness, emerged in late 2019 and has caused significant global health and economic impact.
  • Effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic relies on early detection, isolation, and diagnosis of infected individuals and asymptomatic carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current diagnostic assays for COVID-19 clinical applications.
  • To highlight the importance of various diagnostic techniques in managing the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT), focusing on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) as the primary method.
  • Examination of immunological methods, including serological antibody tests and viral antigen detection assays.
  • Assessment of Computed Tomography (CT) imaging as an auxiliary diagnostic tool, particularly for early-stage symptomatic patients.

Main Results:

  • Nucleic acid tests (NAT), especially qPCR, are widely used for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome.
  • Immunological methods, such as serological tests and antigen assays, aid in diagnosing past or current infections.
  • CT imaging serves as a valuable supplementary tool for diagnosing COVID-19, especially when viral loads are low.

Conclusions:

  • Each diagnostic technique offers unique advantages for COVID-19 detection.
  • Combining multiple diagnostic approaches significantly enhances the overall accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for controlling the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.