Factors Predicting Pressure Injury Incidence in Older Adults Following Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty: A
João Lindo Simões1, Pedro Sa-Couto, David Voegeli
1At the University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, João Lindo Simões, PhD, RN, is Integrated Researcher, Institute of Biomedicine and Professor, School of Health Sciences; Pedro Sa-Couto, PhD, is Integrated Researcher, Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, and Professor, Department of Mathematics. David Voegeli, PhD, RN, is Professor, School of Health and Care Professions, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Winchester, United Kingdom. Acknowledgments: Pedro Sa-Couto's work was supported by Portuguese funds through the Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology within project UID/MAT/04106/2019. The authors have disclosed no other financial relationships related to this article. Submitted January 19, 2021; accepted in revised form March 1, 2021.
Objective:
To identify the factors associated with pressure injury (PI) development in older adult patients who underwent elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Methods:
A nonexperimental longitudinal prospective study was conducted with a sample of 40 patients undergoing elective THA. Patients were evaluated for PI at hospital admission, 24 hours postsurgery, at discharge, and 1 month after surgery.
Results:
The incidence of PIs (category 1 or category 2) in this study was 7.9% 24 hours after surgery and 24.3% at discharge. The most common PI location was the sacrum/coccyx or the ischial tuberosity. This study found significant relationships between PIs and female sex (odds ratio [OR], 8.75), body fat mass percentage (OR, 1.15), and the motor score from a Functional Independence Measure scale (OR, 0.89). Finally, the following variables were also associated with PIs (P < .1): skeletal muscle mass (OR, 0.82), lower limb with osteoarthritis weight (OR, 0.61), lower limb without osteoarthritis weight (OR, 0.62), and geriatric depression scale (OR, 1.12).
Conclusions:
This work identifies those patients at higher risk of PI, enabling targeted prevention and treatment in the population of patients undergoing elective THA. The findings of this study are in line with extant literature and suggest that women with a higher percentage of body fat and less mobility had a higher risk of PI.
