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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

A Nanobar-Supported Lipid Bilayer System for the Study of Membrane Curvature Sensing Proteins in vitro
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Correction: A continuum membrane model can predict curvature sensing by helix insertion.

Yiben Fu1, Wade F Zeno2, Jeanne C Stachowiak3

  • 1T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. margaret.johnson@jhu.edu.

Soft Matter
|December 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This correction clarifies a continuum membrane model that accurately predicts how helix insertion influences membrane curvature sensing. The updated model provides a more robust understanding of membrane protein interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Computational Biology

Context:

  • Membrane curvature sensing is crucial for cellular processes.
  • Helix insertion by proteins is a key mechanism influencing membrane shape.
  • Existing models require refinement for accurate prediction of these interactions.

Purpose:

  • To correct and refine a previously published continuum membrane model.
  • To improve the model's predictive accuracy for curvature sensing.
  • To enhance understanding of the biophysical mechanisms governing membrane-protein interactions.

Summary:

  • The correction addresses specific aspects of the continuum membrane model.
  • The revised model demonstrates improved prediction of curvature sensing driven by helix insertion.
  • This work validates the model's ability to capture essential biophysical principles.

Impact:

  • Provides a more accurate theoretical framework for studying membrane curvature.
  • Facilitates research into protein function and membrane dynamics.
  • Contributes to the broader understanding of cellular membrane organization and signaling.