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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche.

Aidan E Gilchrist1, Brendan A C Harley2,3,4

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|December 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights biomaterials that mimic the bone marrow niche to expand hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo. These engineered systems support HSC activity and offer insights into stem cell fate and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
artificial nichehematopoietic stem cellshydrogelsremodelingsignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for blood and immune system regeneration but are rare and have a limited donor pool.
  • Existing regenerative therapies using HSCs face challenges due to the need for ex vivo expansion without compromising stem cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in biomaterial systems designed to replicate the native hematopoietic stem cell niche.
  • To explore how engineered biomaterials can support ex vivo expansion of HSCs while preserving long-term stem cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • Description of biomaterial systems inspired by the bone marrow niche, incorporating niche-associated cells for HSC support.
  • Discussion of engineered systems that allow for the study of dynamic matrix, biomolecular environments, and cell-cell signaling.
  • Highlighting advanced tools for HSC identification, tracking, experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms.

Main Results:

  • Biomaterials can be engineered to provide instructive stimuli, mimicking the native niche for HSC encapsulation and expansion.
  • Engineered systems facilitate the investigation of dynamic microenvironments and the complex interplay of signaling pathways affecting HSC fate.
  • Recent technological advances enable a deeper understanding of how various signals influence HSC behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic biomaterial systems, coupled with advanced characterization tools, are vital for evaluating evolving tissue microenvironments.
  • These biomaterial-based approaches hold promise for improving ex vivo HSC expansion and advancing regenerative therapies.
  • The principles and tools discussed are applicable to broader stem cell engineering research.