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Terrestrial planet formation from lost inner solar system material.

Christoph Burkhardt1, Fridolin Spitzer1, Alessandro Morbidelli2

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Rocky planets like Earth formed from collisions of inner solar system bodies, not by accreting outer solar system pebbles. This suggests a persistent barrier limited material exchange during planet formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astronomy
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Two primary models explain rocky planet formation: collisional growth of planetary embryos versus pebble accretion.
  • The dominant formation pathway for Earth and Mars remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the primary accretion mechanism for the terrestrial planets in our solar system.
  • To investigate the origin of isotopic compositions in Earth and Mars.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of isotopic compositions of Earth and Mars.
  • Modeling two-component mixing of materials from different regions of the solar system disk.

Main Results:

  • Isotopic data indicate Earth and Mars formed primarily from inner solar system materials.
  • A minimal contribution (a few percent) of outer solar system material was incorporated.
  • The findings refute the pebble accretion model for terrestrial planet formation.

Conclusions:

  • Collisional growth of inner solar system embryos is the favored model for terrestrial planet formation.
  • A persistent dust-drift barrier likely existed in the early solar system, limiting material exchange between inner and outer regions.