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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

876
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

521
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
521
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

685
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice
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Spinal Injections.

David C Gimarc1, Lindsay M Stratchko2, Corey K Ho1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
|December 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Image-guided spinal injections offer diagnostic insights and therapeutic relief for spinal pain. These minimally invasive procedures target pain sources, providing an alternative to traditional medical management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Spinal Anatomy

Background:

  • Spinal pain is a prevalent cause of disability in the U.S.
  • Complex spinal anatomy complicates pain source differentiation.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss image-guided spinal injection techniques.
  • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic benefits.
  • To review best practices and potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Image-guided transforaminal epidural injections.
  • Image-guided interlaminar epidural injections.
  • Image-guided facet joint injections.

Main Results:

  • Spinal injections provide diagnostic information on pain origin.
  • These procedures offer prolonged therapeutic pain relief.
  • Minimally invasive approach as an alternative to medical management.

Conclusions:

  • Image-guided spinal injections are valuable tools for diagnosing and treating spinal pain.
  • Awareness of techniques, patient factors, and complications is essential for procedural safety.
  • These injections offer a viable alternative to conservative medical management.