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Nitrous Oxide for Dental Procedures in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Pilot Study
Brittaney Hill1, Marcio A da Fonseca2, Lewis L Hsu3
1Dr. Hill is a clinical assistant professor, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA;,
Abstract:
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety of nitrous oxide (N₂O) during dental procedures in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients three to 15 years of age received N₂O with oxygen (N₂O:O₂) during their dental procedure in a university pediatric dental clinic between March 2019 and December 2020. Blood oxygen levels were monitored via pulse oximetry throughout the visit. Caregivers received a follow-up call to assess for postoperative complications. Twenty-three patients were enrolled. The duration of N₂O sedation was 20 to 50 minutes. Oxygenation levels during (P<0.001) and after (P=0.004) the procedure were higher than for baseline. No adverse effects were reported in the three days after N₂O use. Following dental guidelines for sedation, treatment with up to a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide with oxygen increased blood oxygen levels and did not cause postoperative complications in children with sickle cell disease. This is the first formal study confirming the safety of nitrous oxide use in the dental care of SCD patients.
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