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Being underweight is a risk factor for early childhood caries (ECC) in males. Body Mass Index (BMI) and ECC associations may be nonlinear, especially in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Child Health Research

Background:

  • Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health issue.
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common metric for assessing child weight status.
  • Understanding the relationship between BMI and ECC is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various Body Mass Index (BMI) expressions and early childhood caries (ECC).
  • To explore potential nonlinear relationships between BMI categories and ECC prevalence.
  • To identify specific BMI-related risk factors for ECC in young children.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 8- to 18-month-old children from a high-risk community was followed annually from 2008 to 2014.
  • Data collected included height, weight (for BMI calculation), dental examinations (ECC/dmfs scores), and sociodemographic information.
  • Logistic regressions with restricted cubic splines were used to analyze BMI-ECC relationships, considering standard, crude, and continuous BMI variables.

Main Results:

  • Underweight males showed a significantly higher odds of ECC (OR=4.59).
  • ECC associations with standard BMI categories exhibited different patterns for males and females, suggesting nonlinearity.
  • Continuous BMI analysis and spline models indicated nonlinear relationships between BMI and ECC across sexes.

Conclusions:

  • The association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and early childhood caries (ECC) may be nonlinear.
  • Underweight status appears to be a specific risk factor for ECC in young males.
  • Future research should avoid collapsing BMI categories to capture associations with extreme BMI values.