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Isolated Memory Loss in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.

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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis can manifest as isolated memory loss. Early neural antibody testing is crucial for diagnosing and treating this condition effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune neurological disorder.
  • It is often associated with psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and movement disorders.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old woman presented with subacute onset of isolated memory impairment.
  • Neurological examination was unremarkable except for episodic memory deficit.
  • EEG showed temporal lobe epileptiform discharges, and MRI revealed bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensities.

Findings:

  • NMDAR-IgG antibodies were detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was confirmed via cell-based assay.
  • Treatment with IV immunoglobulin and corticosteroids led to significant memory improvement.

Implications:

  • This case highlights that anti-NMDAR encephalitis can present solely with memory dysfunction.
  • Prompt neural antibody testing is vital for early diagnosis and effective management.
  • Early intervention can lead to marked improvement in cognitive deficits.