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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecosystem Science

Background:

  • Oil and gas (OG) development utilizes directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing, generating substantial wastewater.
  • Wastewater disposal via underground injection (UIC) poses management challenges due to its composition (brine, HFFs).
  • Previous studies indicate surface activities at UIC facilities impact downstream aquatic ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the influence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) and hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) additives on microbial community structure and function.
  • To compare the effects on sediment microbial communities from upstream (background) and downstream (impacted) sites near a UIC facility.

Main Methods:

  • Aerobic microcosm experiments using sediment from upstream and downstream of a West Virginia UIC facility.
  • Exposure of microcosms to elevated TDS, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), and ethylene glycol.
  • Analysis of microbial community structure and function, including aerobic respiration and iron reduction.

Main Results:

  • Elevated TDS significantly decreased aerobic respiration and drove major changes in microbial community structure.
  • DBNPA inhibited iron reduction as microcosms transitioned to anoxic conditions.
  • Impacts on microbial communities were less pronounced in downstream (impacted) sediments, suggesting adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Releases from OG wastewater disposal facilities can alter microbial communities and biogeochemical processes in surface waters.
  • Sediment microbial communities near active UIC facilities may develop adaptation to wastewater exposure.
  • Findings support the development of models to predict the impact of UIC facilities on adjacent ecosystems.