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Immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (Sabin)

D X Dong, X M Hu, W J Liu

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Administering trivalent live, oral polio vaccine to neonates at 3 days of age effectively induces poliovirus immunity. Early infant immunization with oral polio vaccine establishes robust antibody levels and broad protection against poliovirus.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Neonatal immunization is crucial for early protection against infectious diseases.
    • Polio remains a significant public health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
    • Understanding the immunological response in neonates to oral polio vaccine is vital for optimizing immunization schedules.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the immunological effects of administering trivalent live, oral polio vaccine to healthy neonates.
    • To determine the antibody response and seroconversion rates following different doses of oral polio vaccine in neonates.
    • To assess poliovirus excretion in neonates post-vaccination.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 200 healthy neonates in Henan Province, China, received trivalent live, oral polio vaccine.
    • Vaccination commenced at 3 days of age, with subsequent doses administered.
    • Antibody levels, geometric mean titres, and poliovirus excretion were monitored at various time points.
    • A control group received their initial vaccine dose at 2 months of age for comparison.

    Main Results:

    • Antibody detection rates increased significantly after each dose, reaching nearly 100% after the fourth dose.
    • High geometric mean titres were observed for all three poliovirus types post-vaccination.
    • Poliovirus excretion was common after initial doses, increasing to 99% after the second dose.
    • Neonatal immunization induced immunity at the earliest possible age, comparable to controls vaccinated later.

    Conclusions:

    • Early administration of oral polio vaccine to neonates is immunologically effective.
    • Neonatal immunization with oral polio vaccine induces protective antibody levels at a very young age.
    • This strategy offers the potential for earlier protection against poliomyelitis in infants.

    Keywords:
    Age FactorsAntibodies--analysisAsiaBiologyChinaDelivery Of Health CareDemographic FactorsDeveloping CountriesEastern AsiaExaminations And DiagnosesHealthHealth ServicesImmunityImmunizationImmunologic FactorsInfantLaboratory Examinations And DiagnosesMedicinePhysiologyPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPreventive MedicinePrimary Health CareVaccination--administraction and dosageYouth

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