Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.2K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.2K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

7.6K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
7.6K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

3.8K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.8K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.7K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.7K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

10.1K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic insights into AMPK-SIRT3 positive feedback loop-mediated chondrocyte mitochondrial quality control in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Pharmacological research·2021
Same author

Cloning and Expression of Four Aquaporin Homologs from the Chinese Black Sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis): The Effects of Salinity Acclimation.

Biochemical genetics·2021
Same author

YTHDF1 Regulates Pulmonary Hypertension through Translational Control of MAGED1.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2021
Same author

[Progress of change in bone mineral density after knee arthroplasty].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery·2021
Same author

Amphiphilic PEGylated Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles for Significantly Passive Accumulation in the Peritoneal Metastatic Carcinomatosis Models Following Intraperitoneal Administration.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2021
Same author

In vitro and 48 weeks in vivo performances of 3D printed porous Fe-30Mn biodegradable scaffolds.

Acta biomaterialia·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research
09:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research

Published on: June 7, 2024

1.2K

DdCBE mediates efficient and inheritable modifications in mouse mitochondrial genome.

Jiayin Guo1,2, Xiaoxu Chen1, Zhiwei Liu3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|December 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

DddA-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs) precisely alter mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This study demonstrates DdCBE feasibility for generating mouse models of mitochondrial disease and potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
DdCBEbase editingmitochondrial disordermouse modelmtDNA

More Related Videos

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing
07:24

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.6K
Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
12:11

Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

Published on: May 20, 2018

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research
09:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing Techniques and Discoveries in Protein Synthesis and Assembly Through Innovative Mitochondrial Research

Published on: June 7, 2024

1.2K
Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing
07:24

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.6K
Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
12:11

Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

Published on: May 20, 2018

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause inherited diseases impacting multiple organs.
  • Current methods for intervening in mtDNA mutations in mammalian cells are limited.
  • Precise manipulation of mtDNA is crucial for understanding and treating mitochondrial disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) for *in vivo* mitochondrial DNA editing in mice.
  • To establish a method for generating mouse models with specific mtDNA mutations.
  • To assess the potential of DdCBE for therapeutic interventions in mitochondrial diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Selected target sites in mouse mtDNA to mimic human pathogenic G-to-A mutations.
  • Screened DdCBE efficiency in mouse Neuro-2A cells to identify optimal editor pairs.
  • Microinjected DdCBE component mRNAs into mouse zygotes or 2-cell embryos.
  • Analyzed base conversion rates and off-target effects in founder mice and their offspring.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated founder mice with *in vivo* mtDNA editing efficiencies ranging from 2.48% to 28.51%.
  • Demonstrated maternal transmission of edited mtDNA mutations to subsequent generations.
  • Confirmed high fidelity and specificity of DdCBE-mediated base editing *in vitro* and *in vivo*.

Conclusions:

  • DdCBE technology is effective for precise *in vivo* editing of mouse mtDNA.
  • DdCBE facilitates the creation of accurate mtDNA mutation models for disease research.
  • DdCBE holds promise for the potential treatment of mitochondrial disorders.