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Plastic bronchitis associated with influenza A virus in children with asthma

Yanyan Wang1, Shuhua An1

  • 1Department of Respirology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|December 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Plastic bronchitis (PB) in children with asthma, triggered by influenza A, causes severe breathing difficulty due to bronchial casts. Early bronchoscopy and treatment significantly improve outcomes for this rare condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare, life-threatening condition causing acute dyspnea due to bronchial casts.
  • Asthma is a common pediatric respiratory condition, but its association with PB is infrequent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the presentation and management of plastic bronchitis in children with asthma.
  • To emphasize the critical role of early diagnosis and intervention in influenza A-associated PB.

Main Methods:

  • Case analysis of two pediatric patients with asthma and plastic bronchitis.
  • Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy to identify and remove bronchial casts.
  • Comprehensive treatment including antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and glucocorticoids.

Main Results:

  • Both patients presented with acute, severe dyspnea and fever following influenza A infection.
  • Bronchial cast removal via bronchoscopy led to rapid symptom improvement.
  • Successful recovery was achieved with a multi-modal treatment approach.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza A virus can precipitate plastic bronchitis in children with asthma, presenting as severe dyspnea.
  • Prompt fiberoptic bronchoscopy is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment of PB.
  • Timely intervention improves prognosis in pediatric cases of influenza-associated plastic bronchitis.

Keywords:
Plastic bronchitisasthmabronchoscopycase reportchildinfluenza A virus

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