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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Among Children and Adolescents with Cleft lip and

A C H Ho1, F Savoldi1, R W K Wong2

  • 1Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|December 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) risk affects 9.5%-13.6% of children with cleft lip/palate in Hong Kong. Clefts involving the embryonic secondary palate increase this risk, suggesting a need for multimodal assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pulmonology
  • Craniofacial anomalies
  • Sleep medicine

Background:

  • Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can lead to craniofacial abnormalities affecting airway development.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a potential complication in children with CL/P, but prevalence data in Hong Kong is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of OSAS risk in Hong Kong children and adolescents with CL/P.
  • To identify risk factors associated with OSAS in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective survey study involving 351 children and adolescents (6-18 years) with non-syndromic CL/P.
  • Utilized OSA-18, PSQ-22, and modified ESS questionnaires to assess OSAS risk.
  • Analyzed age, sex, overweight, cleft type, and surgical history as potential risk factors.

Main Results:

  • OSAS risk prevalence ranged from 9.5% (OSA-18) to 13.6% (PSQ-22).
  • Higher OSAS risk was associated with younger age, clefts involving the embryonic secondary palate, and prior orthodontic treatment.
  • Embryonic secondary palate involvement was the only significant risk factor identified (OR=3.7, p=0.015).

Conclusions:

  • OSAS risk affects a notable percentage of children with CL/P in Hong Kong.
  • Clefts involving the embryonic secondary palate are a key risk factor for OSAS in this group.
  • A multimodal approach is recommended for OSAS risk assessment in children with CL/P.
Abstract

Keywords:
OSAchildrencleftorthodonticsquestionnairerisk factor

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