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Developmental Aspects of SARS-CoV-2, Potential Role of Exosomes and Their Impact on the Human Transcriptome

Navneet Dogra1,2, Carmen Ledesma-Feliciano3, Rwik Sen4

  • 1Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Journal of Developmental Biology
|December 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This review examines severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virology, its transmission to fetuses, and cellular trafficking via exosomes. It explores transcriptomic impacts and RNA therapeutics for COVID-19, crucial for combating the pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths globally.
  • The virus now impacts younger populations, including neonates and children.
  • Understanding in utero transmission and cellular mechanisms is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review SARS-CoV-2 virology and its transmission routes.
  • To explore the role of exosomal trafficking in SARS-CoV-2 spread.
  • To discuss transcriptomic alterations and RNA-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SARS-CoV-2 research.
  • Analysis of studies on viral transmission and cellular mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of information on transcriptomic changes and therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 can infect and potentially transmit to fetuses.
  • Exosomes may play a role in trafficking viral components between cells.
  • COVID-19 significantly alters host cell transcriptomes, upregulating immune genes.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to link exosomal trafficking and placental transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can lead to better diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.
  • This review provides a foundation for future COVID-19 research and pandemic preparedness.

Keywords:
COVID-19RNA-sequencingSARS-CoV-2developmentexosomesmRNA vaccineplacental transmissionsub-genomic RNAtranscriptome

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