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The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Isabella Bonilha1, Eric Hajduch2, Beatriz Luchiari1
1Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil.
Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
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