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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Cooperativity and Interdependency between RNA Structure and RNA-RNA Interactions.

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  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

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Complex RNA-RNA interactions are crucial for biological processes. This study explores how RNA structure influences these interactions, revealing insights into noncoding RNA functions and therapeutic design.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Complex RNA-RNA interactions are vital in gene expression and ribonucleoprotein granule formation.
  • The precise nature and structural interfaces of these interactions, particularly with structured RNAs, are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore diverse RNA-RNA interaction modalities, focusing on those dependent on RNA secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
  • To analyze recently determined structures of RNA-RNA complexes to understand the interplay between RNA structure and interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing structural data for various RNA-RNA complexes.
  • Dissection of structural features in complexes like RNA triplexes, riboswitches, ribozymes, and reverse transcription complexes.

Main Results:

  • RNA structure formation and RNA-RNA interactions are reciprocally linked.
  • RNA structures are shaped by interactions, and these interactions are enabled and modulated by the resulting structures.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the bidirectional relationship between RNA structure and interactions offers mechanistic insights into noncoding RNA functions.
  • This knowledge can guide the development of novel therapeutics targeting RNA structures or interactions.