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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

954
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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[Ocular changes as a diagnostic tool for malaria].

Hanna Faber1,2, Philipp Berens3,4, Jens Martin Rohrbach5

  • 1Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland. hanna.faber@med.uni-tuebingen.de.

Die Ophthalmologie
|December 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria causes specific retinal changes, including whitening and hemorrhages, detectable via ophthalmoscopy. These findings aid in diagnosing cerebral malaria, especially in children, and can be enhanced by AI-assisted fundus photography.

Keywords:
Cerebral malariaGlobal healthPlasmodiumRetinaSmartphone

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malaria affects 229 million annually, with two-thirds of deaths in children under 5.
  • Cerebral malaria is a severe complication requiring accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundus changes associated with malaria.
  • To highlight the diagnostic value of ophthalmoscopy in malaria.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundus examination findings in cerebral malaria.
  • Discussion of potential pathomechanisms.
  • Evaluation of ophthalmoscopy's practical utility.

Main Results:

  • Key retinal findings include retinal whitening, altered vessel coloration, and hemorrhages (e.g., Roth's spots).
  • Papilledema is also observed in some cases.
  • These changes are specific to malaria.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal changes in malaria are specific and aid in differentiating it from other causes of fever and coma.
  • Smartphone fundus photography with AI shows promise for malaria diagnostics in resource-limited settings.