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[Ocular changes as a diagnostic tool for malaria]
Hanna Faber1,2, Philipp Berens3,4, Jens Martin Rohrbach5
1Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland. hanna.faber@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Background:
According to the WHO Malaria Report 2019 a total of 229 million people fall ill with malaria each year and two thirds of deaths involve children under 5 years of age.
Aim:
To review the fundus changes in the context of malaria and the importance of ophthalmoscopy in the diagnosis.
Material And Methods:
Summary of changes in cerebral malaria visible on fundus examination, possible underlying pathomechanisms and the value of ophthalmoscopy in practice.
Results:
Retinal findings in malaria include white or gray staining of the retina (retinal whitening), color change of retinal vessels (orange or white staining), hemorrhages often with a white center, such as Roth's spot and papilledema.
Discussion:
The retinal changes in malaria are specific and may help to differentiate malaria from other causes of coma and fever. Smartphone-based fundus photography and artificial intelligence could support malaria diagnostics particularly in resource-poor regions.
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