Relationships of serum opsonins and complement in human experimental gingivitis

This study assessed the phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the opsonic capacity of serum in experimental human gingivitis. Relationships were sought among these two measurements, clinical indices of gingivitis and complement-related opsonins. Measurements of chemiluminescence provided an index of phagocytosis and of opsonic capacity. Test group Plaque Index scores were higher than the control group on Days 7, 14, and 21, while the Gingival Index of the test group was elevated only on Day 21. Phagocytosis of test subjects' PMNs and opsonic capacity of their sera were no different from that of the controls'. Levels of C3 in both nonactivated and activated sera of the test group were significantly lower than that of the control group only on Day 14. In the test group, differences of per cent C3 conversion occurred between Days 14 and 21, and Plaque Index scores were inversely correlated with the order of per cent C3 data on these same days. Our results also indicate that complement contributes significantly to the serum opsonic capacity. The levels of developing plaque and subsequent gingival inflammation are apparently related to the degree of complement activation.