Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

1.2K
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
1.2K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

317
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
317
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

11.4K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
11.4K
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

412
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
412
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.2K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.2K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

3.9K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Interplay between Interfacial Solvation and Surface Kinetics Tunes the Selectivity between Hydrogen Evolution and Zinc Electrodeposition.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Elemental Stability in Mixed Noble and Non-Noble Metal High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Tailoring Reconstruction of Co/Cu Mixed Oxide-Derived Tandem Electrocatalysts via <i>In Situ</i> Electrochemical Dissolution-Redeposition for Enhanced Nitrate-to-Ammonia Conversion.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Microenvironment Matters: Destabilization of Iridium Anode Catalyst by CO Reduction Products.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Live Imaging of Silver Nanostructures Electrochemically Dissolving at Open-Circuit Potential.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Heterointerface-Enabled Anti-Reverse-Current Electrodes for Alkaline Water Electrolyzers at 1000 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

9.7K

Inter-relationships between Oxygen Evolution and Iridium Dissolution Mechanisms.

Anja Lončar1,2, Daniel Escalera-López3, Serhiy Cherevko3

  • 1Laboratory for Electrocatalysis, Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Iridium catalysts are essential for green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers but are scarce. This review connects iridium catalyst structure, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms, and dissolution to improve PEM electrolyzer stability and efficiency.

Keywords:
dissolutionelectrocatalysisiridiumoxygen evolution reactionstability

More Related Videos

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures
09:16

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

Published on: November 7, 2016

11.0K
Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

9.7K
Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures
09:16

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

Published on: November 7, 2016

11.0K
Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers are crucial for green hydrogen production.
  • Iridium (Ir) is the only effective catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEM electrolyzers.
  • Iridium scarcity and high cost hinder widespread PEM electrolyzer adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of iridium catalyst dissolution in PEM electrolyzers.
  • To correlate catalyst structure with OER activity and stability.
  • To identify future research directions for improving PEM electrolyzer performance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of state-of-the-art research on iridium catalysts.
  • Analysis of the relationship between catalyst structure and dissolution mechanisms.
  • Correlation of dissolution pathways with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst structure significantly influences iridium dissolution, the primary degradation pathway.
  • Dissolution intermediates share similarities with OER intermediates, impacting catalyst performance.
  • Understanding structure-dissolution-activity relationships is key to enhancing catalyst stability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing iridium catalyst structure is critical for mitigating dissolution and improving PEM electrolyzer durability.
  • Further research into structure-activity-stability relationships will accelerate green hydrogen production.
  • Developing iridium-based catalysts with enhanced stability is essential for the commercial viability of PEM electrolysis.