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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

661
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
661
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

350
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
350

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
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Seizure triggers identified postictally using a smart watch reporting system.

Anjie Ge1, Erie G Gutierrez1, Seung Wook Lee1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurology, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|December 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with epilepsy (PWE) can now track seizures and their triggers using a smartwatch app. Common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, and menstrual cycles, offering new insights into epilepsy management.

Keywords:
Clinical CareEpilepsy/seizuresMobile healthQuality of lifeStressTriggers

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Digital Health
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes

Background:

  • Seizure triggers significantly impact epilepsy management.
  • Previous trigger studies relied on retrospective data, limiting individual seizure granularity.
  • Understanding triggers is crucial for personalized epilepsy care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess individual seizure trigger characteristics using a novel mobile health application.
  • To identify common seizure triggers and their patterns in a national cohort of people with epilepsy (PWE).
  • To evaluate the feasibility of using wearable technology for real-time seizure data collection.

Main Methods:

  • A national study utilized the EpiWatch seizure-tracking app on a smartwatch system.
  • Participants (234) tracked 2493 seizures over 16 months.
  • Data included biosensor information, responsiveness tests, and post-seizure surveys on triggers, seizure types, and medication.

Main Results:

  • 96 participants reported triggers in 650 seizures.
  • Most common triggers: stress (65.8%), lack of sleep (30.5%), menstrual cycle (19.7%), and overexertion (18%).
  • Multiple triggers were frequently reported; trigger-reporting PWE were more likely on 3+ anti-seizure medications.

Conclusions:

  • The EpiWatch app effectively captures longitudinal, self-reported seizure and trigger data.
  • Mobile technology offers a promising approach to enhance understanding of epilepsy and its comorbidities.
  • Real-time data collection can lead to more personalized and effective epilepsy treatment strategies.