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Measurement-based quantum heat engine in a multilevel system.

Maron F Anka1, Thiago R de Oliveira1, Daniel Jonathan1

  • 1Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense - Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, 24210-346 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Summary
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We explored quantum Otto engines using two models and complex working substances. A measurement-based protocol with specific quantum systems can achieve higher efficiency than traditional heat-bath models.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Quantum Otto engines are theoretical thermodynamic cycles operating at the quantum level.
  • Traditional quantum Otto engines utilize two heat baths for heat exchange.
  • Exploring alternative cycle models and complex working substances can enhance engine performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficiency of a two-bath quantum Otto engine model with a measurement-based quantum Otto engine protocol.
  • To investigate the role of complex working substances, specifically a single qutrit or a pair of qubits, in quantum Otto engines.
  • To analyze the impact of 'idle' energy levels on engine efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of two quantum Otto engine cycle models: a standard two-bath model and a measurement-based protocol.
  • Utilized two types of working substances: a single qutrit (spin-1) and a pair of qubits (spin-1/2) with XXZ Heisenberg interaction.
  • Analyzed engine efficiency by exploiting the properties of 'idle' quantum energy levels.

Main Results:

  • Both cycle models achieve higher efficiencies with complex working substances (qutrit or qubit pairs) compared to single-qubit systems.
  • The exploitation of 'idle' quantum levels significantly boosts engine efficiency.
  • The measurement-based protocol demonstrates superior efficiency over the two-bath model with optimized measurement choices.

Conclusions:

  • Complex quantum working substances offer advantages for enhancing quantum Otto engine efficiency.
  • Measurement-based quantum Otto engines can outperform traditional two-bath models.
  • The findings provide insights into optimizing quantum heat engines for future quantum technologies.