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Update on Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Oncological Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Federica Cennamo1, Riccardo Masetti2, Prisca Largo1

  • 1Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Febrile neutropenia (FN) in pediatric cancer patients is a serious chemotherapy complication. Early bacteremia detection and treatment are vital, but more research is needed to identify risk factors and improve diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent and serious complication in children undergoing chemotherapy.
  • It significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in pediatric cancer patients.
  • Prompt identification and treatment of bacteremia are critical for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of FN in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To identify factors associated with negative outcomes.
  • To evaluate the utility of biological markers for early diagnosis and infection monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature analysis of studies on FN in pediatric oncology.
  • Examination of epidemiological data, risk factors, etiology, and diagnostic markers.
  • Assessment of evidence for clinical practice guidelines and predictive tools.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneity in studies limits definitive conclusions on risk factors.
  • Current evidence is insufficient to establish the role of specific risk factors in clinical practice.
  • Validated predictive scores and algorithms for FN management in pediatrics are lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is mandatory to clarify FN epidemiology and risk factors in pediatric oncology.
  • Development of evidence-based guidelines and validated predictive tools for FN is urgently needed.
  • Improved diagnostic and monitoring strategies are essential for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
bacteremiachemotherapyfebrile neutropeniapediatric oncologysepsis

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