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Published on: January 9, 2019
INSM1, a Novel Biomarker for Detection of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Cytopathologists' View
Zahra Maleki1, Akash Nadella2, Mohnish Nadella2
1Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Background:
Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been considered as a novel immunostain for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and is hypothesized to be more reliable than first-generation NET biomarkers, such as CGA (chromogranin A), SYP (synaptophysin) and CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule). In this review, we summarize existing literature on INSM1's reliability as an immunostain for detection of various NETs, its results in comparison to first-generation NET biomarkers, and its expression in both non-NETs and benign tissues/cells on cytology specimens (cell blocks/smears).
