microRNAs in Human Adipose Tissue Physiology and Dysfunction

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Metabolic Science

Background:

• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of adipose tissue physiology, influencing adipocyte differentiation, browning, and energy metabolism.
• Overnutrition disrupts the adipocyte miRNOME, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and potential systemic metabolic complications.
• Dysfunctional adipocytes can secrete factors that impair other organs, highlighting the systemic impact of metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of miRNA roles in adipose tissue physiology and obesity-related dysfunction.
• To integrate findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in obesity.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of miRNA involvement in metabolic regulation and disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pre-clinical and clinical studies.
• Analysis of research on miRNA function in adipogenesis, lipolysis, and energy expenditure.
• Synthesis of data on miRNA biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for obesity.

Main Results:

• miRNAs critically control adipocyte functions including differentiation, proliferation, browning, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and adipokine secretion.
• Changes in the adipocyte miRNOME are associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
• miRNAs show promise as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

Conclusions:

• miRNAs are central regulators of adipose tissue function and energy homeostasis.
• Adipose tissue dysfunction mediated by miRNA alterations contributes to obesity and metabolic diseases.
• Targeting miRNAs represents a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and its complications.