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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

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Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy.

Janna Hinderer¹, Julia Lüdeke¹, Lisa Riege¹

¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|December 24, 2021

Summary

This study tracked progesterone (P4) levels in many pregnant and non-pregnant dogs. Many pregnant dogs had lower P4 than expected, but did not experience pregnancy loss without supplementation.

Keywords:

dog gestation length hypoluteoidism litter size parturition pregnancy progesterone

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Bovine Ovarian Cortex Tissue Culture

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Reproductive Endocrinology
Canine Reproduction

Background:

Pregnancy and lactation present significant physiological challenges for female dogs.
Previous endocrinological studies on canine pregnancy often involved limited sample sizes.
Understanding progesterone dynamics is crucial for managing canine reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate serum progesterone (P4) concentrations in a large cohort of bitches throughout gestation.
To compare P4 levels between pregnant and non-pregnant dogs across different stages of pregnancy.
To investigate P4 patterns in relation to potential hypoluteoidism and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

Recruitment of 126 bitches of various breeds following clinical and gynecological examination during estrus.
Collection of blood samples at three time points: early (11-19 days post-ovulation), mid (23-32 days post-ovulation), and late (52-60 days post-ovulation) pregnancy.
Measurement of serum P4 concentrations using chemiluminescence in pregnant (n=98) and non-pregnant (n=23) dogs.

Main Results:

Significant differences in P4 concentrations were observed between pregnant and non-pregnant dogs, particularly in late pregnancy (p ≤ 0.001).
A notable proportion of pregnant bitches (28/98) exhibited a substantial P4 decline (>15 ng/mL) from early to mid-pregnancy.
56 pregnant bitches displayed P4 levels below established adequate thresholds, yet experienced no abortions or preterm deliveries without P4 supplementation.

Conclusions:

Canine pregnancy involves complex progesterone dynamics, with many bitches maintaining healthy pregnancies despite lower-than-expected P4 levels.
Current recommendations for P4 supplementation may need re-evaluation, as some dogs appear to tolerate lower concentrations without adverse outcomes.
Further research is warranted to refine the diagnosis of hypoluteoidism and establish clear indications for P4 supplementation in bitches, considering potential risks.